A government investigation of Ohio-based Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams found inadequate testing and cleaning in its Columbus plant that had become contaminated with listeria.
The company recalled all its products last month after listeria was discovered in some pints of Jeni's ice cream. There are no known illnesses connected to the recall, and Jeni's says it is making ice cream again and re-opening shops Friday after intensive cleaning.
The Jeni's recall came as Texas-based Blue Bell Creameries also shut down and recalled all products after listeria in its products was linked to three deaths.
The Food and Drug Administration on Thursday released the results of the April investigation into Jeni's plant after a Freedom of Information request from The Associated Press. The investigation took place in response to the discovery of listeria and reviewed the company's current and previous efforts to stem contamination in the plant.
The report said Jeni's managers did not have an adequate sampling and testing program and were not sufficiently sanitizing some surfaces, including the floors. The report said residue was found on some equipment.
Jeni's regulatory manager and director of operations -- the employees responsible for assuring compliance with government food safety guidelines -- showed a "lack of competency" by failing to comply with some of those guidelines, according to the report.
Once in a plant, listeria can be very difficult to get rid of. It is found in soil and water and can be tracked into a facility by employees or carried by animals.
Jeni's did not have immediate comment on the investigation. The company said this month that it had traced the source of the listeria to a pint-filling machine in the plant.
CEO John Lowe said Jeni's never will be sure how the bacteria got into the machine, which filled a portion of the pints for retail sales, but he said they were planning to spend about $200,000 on changes to prevent a recurrence. The company said it would destroy 265 tons of ice cream worth more than $2.5 million.
Jeni's has said its ice cream will start to return to store shelves "later this summer."
The FDA also released results of a 2008 inspection of Jeni's Columbus plant in response to the AP's Freedom of Information request. That report showed evidence of rodents and insects and inadequate personal cleanliness of employees.
The 2015 investigation didn't find any of those problems.
The FDA also released results of 2009 and 2012 inspections of Blue Bell's plants in Texas and Oklahoma. Those inspections showed some early evidence of problems at those facilities, including condensation dripping into containers before they were filled with ice cream and residue on some food receptacles.
According to results released earlier this month from an FDA investigation, Blue Bell knew there was listeria in the Oklahoma plant as far back as two years ago. The FDA investigation conducted after Blue Bell was linked to the illnesses found 17 positive internal tests for listeria on equipment and around the company's Oklahoma plant from March 2013 through February 2015. The FDA said Blue Bell had not notified the government about the listeria findings.
The agency said it is not uncommon for companies not to report findings of listeria or other pathogens. Companies are only required to report to the FDA if they find a "reasonable probability" that a food could make people sick.
Blue Bell spokesman Joe Robertson said the company is in the midst of a review of all of its cleaning and procedures "to help give regulatory agencies and the public confidence that when our products return to market, they will be safe. "
Listeria generally only affects the elderly, people with compromised immune systems, and pregnant women and their newborn infants. It can cause fever, muscle aches and gastrointestinal symptoms and can be fatal. It also can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature labor, and serious illness or death in newborn babies.
